Restricted Cash
Definition
Cash on the balance sheet that is not available for general operating use because it is contractually pledged or held for a specific purpose — typical examples include landlord lease-deposit escrows, customer-funds collateral, security deposits backing letters of credit, payment-processor reserves, and debt-covenant minimum-balance requirements. Per IFRS and US GAAP balance-sheet presentation, restricted cash must be disclosed separately from unrestricted cash; the board should treat this number as removed from runway. Common pitfall: payment-processor "reserve" balances and large customer-deposit floats are often missed when reporting unrestricted cash, inflating apparent runway.
Why it matters
Excluded from operationally available cash and from the runway calculation — reporting it inside total cash without flagging the restriction overstates runway and can mask a covenant or liquidity issue.
How it's calculated
Sum of bank-account balances flagged `restricted: true` in `finance.bank_accounts_list`, plus any restricted balances held in non-bank vehicles (escrow agents, payment-processor reserve accounts). How to interpret it
A non-trivial restricted balance (say, >5% of total cash — industry folk-wisdom, not citation-grade) usually warrants a footnote on the source of the restriction and any release schedule. Watch for restricted cash that grows faster than the corresponding operating activity (e.g. payment-processor reserves growing faster than GMV) — that often signals a tightening processor relationship.
Source
imboard Editorial
Stage relevance
Typically owned by
Related KPIs
Sum of all bank account balances at the reporting cut-off, expressed in a single reporting currency after FX conversion. This is the gross top-of-house cash number — it does not net out restrictions, near-term liabilities, or commitments. The board reads this as the absolute denominator for runway and as a checksum against the cap table (capital raised − cumulative net burn ≈ cash). Common pitfall: founders sometimes report a USD figure that silently includes ILS/EUR accounts at stale FX rates — always reconcile against the bank-accounts list (per FX-aware MultiCurrencyAccountList) and tag the rate date.
Cash that the company can freely deploy for any operational purpose — total bank balances minus any contractually restricted balances. This is the input most boards actually want when judging runway, because it strips out escrows, security deposits, and processor reserves that cannot be spent on payroll or vendors. The distinction matters more as the company adds enterprise contracts (deposit obligations), debt facilities (covenant balances), and payment processing volume (rolling reserves). Common pitfall: at early stage, restricted cash is often near zero so teams equate this with `finance.total_cash_in_bank` — track them separately from day one to avoid surprise reclassifications later.
Unrestricted cash adjusted for near-term working-capital effects — i.e. the cash that is actually deployable after accounting for receivables coming in, payables going out, and accrued obligations crystallizing in the next reporting period. More conservative than `finance.total_unrestricted_cash` because it nets out the cash a healthy AR/AP cycle is already promising or claiming. The board reads this as the "real" cash position when working capital is material to the business (typical at Series A+, when AR/AP cycles get sizeable). Common pitfall: at early stage AR is small and AP is mostly payroll/SaaS, so this collapses to unrestricted cash — once enterprise deals or 60-day net terms appear, the gap widens fast.
FX-aware enumeration of the company's bank, brokerage, and money-market accounts — each with bank name, account type, restricted flag, currency, balance, as-of date, and notes. The underlying data source for `finance.total_cash_in_bank`, `finance.total_restricted_cash`, `finance.total_unrestricted_cash`, and the FX conversion that turns multi-currency holdings into a single reporting-currency number. Common pitfall: a single forgotten account (often a legacy operational account or a money-market sweep) silently misstates the total — boards should ask for a checklist reconciliation against the prior board pack each cycle. Best practice: include account-number last-4 (not full numbers, for security) and the FX rate used per non-functional-currency account.
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